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Transnational Alliance to Combat Illicit Trade
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The Societal Costs of Illicit Trade

The societal costs of illicit trade

Illicit trade imposes real costs on people and societies, not just on markets. It exposes workers to exploitation, fuels corruption, weakens public services, and puts consumers and communities at risk. While individual illicit markets have distinct characteristics, the same criminal networks often exploit shared routes, logistics, and concealment methods across sectors, compounding these harms.

These societal impacts—ranging from forced labour and corruption to reduced creditworthiness and stalled progress toward the UN Sustainable Development Goals—underscore the need to address illicit trade as a cross-cutting policy challenge. Integrating measures to counter illicit trade into strategies on development, human rights, investment, and governance is a central focus of TRACIT’s agenda.
Focus topics

Corruption and Illicit Trade 

Corruption erodes the control over illicit trade. It undermines law enforcement operations to detect or interrupt illicit trade and contributes to the impunity of illicit traders. It enables criminal networks to operate unchecked, thereby fueling the growth and entrenchment of illicit trade.​​

Discover TRACIT's work on illicit trade and corruption here.
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The Human Cost of Illicit Trade​

Among the worst crimes associated with illicit trade is the demand it creates for forced and child labor. Illicit trade is often built on the exploitation of vulnerable populations, including men, women, and children forced to work in dangerous and degrading conditions.

Discover TRACIT's work on the human cost of illicit trade here.
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Illicit Trade and Sovereign Credit Risk​

Illicit trade directly undermines the economic, social, and institutional risk factors that credit rating agencies assess in determining countries’ ability to honor their debt. The cumulative costs of illicit trade all combine to weaken a country’s economic, financial, and institutional stability that underpin its credit ratings. 

Discover TRACIT's work on the relationship between illicit trade and sovereign credit ratings​ here.
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Illicit Trade and the UN Sustainable Development Goals​

Illicit trade compromises the attainment of the UN SDGs in significant ways, crowding out legitimate economic activity, depriving governments of revenues for investment in vital public services, dislocating millions of legitimate jobs and causing irreversible damage to ecosystems and human lives. 

Discover TRACIT's work on illicit trade and the UN Sustainable Development Goals here 
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The current global health, socio-economic and geopolitical climates provide an optimal environment for criminal activity to not only increase but manifest itself in different ways. Illicit trade is no different. We are confronting a crisis of the global common good.
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Minister Paula Gopee-Scoon, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Trinidad and Tobagory
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THE ILLEGAL EMPIRE - AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
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The Stop the Illegal Empire campaign is central to TRACIT’s mission to expose and disrupt the systems that enable illicit trade to thrive. It reveals the vast criminal networks that profit from illicit activities at the expense of human rights, development, and global security. 
VISIT THE CAMPAIGN SITE
FEATURED PODCASTS

​The Underground World of Fake Football Shirts

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TRACIT's Dr. Ulrika Bonnier is interviewed in the New York Times / the Athletic's investigation of the illicit trade of counterfeits, highlighting the role that forced labor plays in these criminal organizations across the world and breaking down why buying that fake jersey is far from a victimless crime.

Listen:   Apple Podcasts   I  The Athletic

Read the full reporting and interviews: 

​Inside the underground world of fake football shirts, The Athletic, March 10, 2025

Fake football shirts survey: 78% have bought one, 66% happy to stick with counterfeits, The New York Times, March 12, 2025

​Child and forced labour, human trafficking and illicit trade 

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TRACIT's Ulrika Bonnier joins the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Global Business Network on Forced Labour to discuss how child and forced labour are linked to crimes and criminal networks, as well as possible solutions. The podcast is part of ILO’s series that looks at how forced labour is linked to child labour, environmental degradation and illicit trade, and how these issues can be tackled successfully together. More...

Listen on:   SoundCloud   I   Spotify    I    Apple Podcasts
FEATURED EVENTS
Investigating the societal costs of IP infringement, Panel Discussion, INTERPOL IP Crime Conference
Willemstad, Curaçao, 24 September 2024 

​Roundtable Discussion on Money Talks: The Crooked Connection Between Corruption and Illicit Trade
TRACIT webinar, 22 February 2024

Investigating the societal costs of IP infringement, Panel Discussion, World Intellectual Property Organization Advisory Committee on Enforcement (ACE) Sixteen Session. Media Release / Report
Geneva, 2 February 2024

EUIPO Meeting of the EU Observatory Expert Group on International Cooperation
EUIPO-virtual meeting, 28 November 2023

2nd Illicit Trade Forum
UNCTAD / TRACIT co-hosted event
Geneva, 6-7 September 2022


Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Kyoto, 7-12 March 2021​

Illicit Trade Forum
UNCTAD / TRACIT co-hosted event
Geneva, 3-4 February 2020


Dialogue on Illicit Trade and the SDGs
UNCTAD / TRACIT Co-hosted event
​Geneva,  July 18,  2019
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Transnational Alliance to Combat Illicit Trade (TRACIT) is an independent, non-governmental, not-for-profit organisation under US tax code 501(c)(6).
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      • ASEAN
      • Central Asia
      • Dominican Republic
      • India
      • Laos
      • Panama
      • Pakistan
      • Philippines
      • South Africa
      • Trinidad and Tobago
      • Turkey
    • The Societal Costs of Illicit Trade >
      • Corruption and Illicit Trade >
        • Launch event | Money Talks: The Crooked Connection Between Corruption and Illicit Trade
      • The Human Cost of Illicit Trade
      • Illicit Trade and the UNSDGs
    • Illicit Trade Summit Americas
    • Illicit Trade Index
    • Fraudulent Advertising Online
    • Small Parcels
    • Tackling the sale of illicit pesticides on e-commerce platforms
    • Ethanol Control Toolkit
    • Supply Chain Vulnerabilities to Illicit Trade
  • Sectors
    • Agri-food industry
    • Alcohol
    • Counterfeiting & Piracy
    • Cultural Property
    • Fisheries
    • Forced labor
    • Forestry
    • Pesticides
    • Petroleum
    • Pharmaceuticals
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    • Tobacco
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    • Illegal Empire Campaign
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