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Transnational Alliance to Combat Illicit Trade
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The Societal Costs of Illicit Trade

The societal costs of illicit trade

Illicit trade is a serious threat to our economies and societies. While each form of illicit trade has its own characteristics and drivers, it is often the same criminal groups using the same routes, means of transport and concealment methods for multiple forms of illicit trade.

One of the key strengths of TRACIT's work is the ability to go beyond a segmented approach, and instead consider the interconnected nature of the problem of illicit trade and to appreciate commonalities and points of convergence across sectors. This is especially true in the work program focusing on the wider societal costs of illicit trade. These societal costs include how illicit trade:
  • fuels corruption,
  • drives demand for forced labor,
  • lowers credit rating scores, and
  • undermines the achievement of the SDGs.

​While each subject area has its own specific characteristics and associated recommendations for actions by governments, what is common across all four policy areas is that government strategies to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals, protect human rights, attract investment, and eliminate corruption, necessarily need to include measures to combat illicit trade. 

Focus topics

Corruption and Illicit Trade 

Corruption erodes controls designed to prohibit illegal goods to move across borders. It undermines law enforcement operations to detect or interrupt illicit trade and contributes to impunity of illicit traders.

It enables criminal networks to operate unchecked, weakens trust in institutions, and distorts markets by allowing illicit actors to gain unfair advantages. From bribed customs officials to manipulated procurement systems, corruption is a key enabler that fuels the growth and entrenchment of illicit trade.​​

Explore the TRACIT report and watch the expert panel discussion on how corruption fuels illicit trade here.
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The Human Cost of Illicit Trade​

Among the worst crimes associated with illicit trade is the demand it creates for forced and child labor. Illicit trade is often built on the exploitation of vulnerable populations, including men, women, and children forced to work in dangerous and degrading conditions.

Lacking basic protections, these workers are trapped in cycles of abuse, with no access to justice or fair wages—making forced labor one of the most severe human consequences of illicit trade.​

Discover the report, launch event videos, podcasts, news articles, and more resources on the human cost of illicit trade here.
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Illicit Trade and Sovereign Credit Risk​

Illicit trade has a direct negative impact on the very economic, social, and institutional risk factors that credit rating agencies evaluate to determine countries’ ability to honor their debt. The corruption, crime, human trafficking, money laundering, and environmental degradation connected with illicit trade all combine to weaken a country’s economic, financial and institutional stability that underpin its credit ratings. 

Access the full report, launch event videos, presentation slides, media releases, and news coverage on the relationship between illicit trade and sovereign credit ratings​ here.
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Illicit Trade and the UN Sustainable Development Goals​

From  smuggling, counterfeiting and tax evasion, to the illegal sale or possession of goods, services, humans and wildlife, illicit trade is compromising the attainment of the UN SDGs in significant ways, crowding out legitimate economic activity, depriving governments of revenues for investment in vital public services, dislocating millions of legitimate jobs and causing irreversible damage to ecosystems and human lives. 

​The TRACIT report Mapping the Impact of Illicit Trade on the Sustainable Development Goals investigates illicit trade in 12 key sectors that participate significantly in international trade and are most vulnerable to illicit trade. For each sector, the negative impacts of illicit trade are mapped against the 17 UN SDGs. 

​​Explore how illicit trade undermines global progress toward the UN Sustainable Development Goals through publications, media coverage and events, available here 
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The current global health, socio-economic and geopolitical climates provide an optimal environment for criminal activity to not only increase but manifest itself in different ways. Illicit trade is no different. We are confronting a crisis of the global common good.
​

Minister Paula Gopee-Scoon, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Trinidad and Tobagory
​
THE ILLEGAL EMPIRE - AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
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The Stop the Illegal Empire campaign is central to TRACIT’s mission to expose and disrupt the systems that enable illicit trade to thrive. It reveals the vast criminal networks that profit from illicit activities at the expense of human rights, development, and global security. 
VISIT THE CAMPAIGN SITE
FEATURED PODCASTS

​The Underground World of Fake Football Shirts

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TRACIT's Dr. Ulrika Bonnier is interviewed in the New York Times / the Athletic's investigation of the illicit trade of counterfeits, highlighting the role that forced labor plays in these criminal organizations across the world and breaking down why buying that fake jersey is far from a victimless crime.

Listen:   Apple Podcasts   I  The Athletic

Read the full reporting and interviews: 

​Inside the underground world of fake football shirts, The Athletic, March 10, 2025

Fake football shirts survey: 78% have bought one, 66% happy to stick with counterfeits, The New York Times, March 12, 2025

​Child and forced labour, human trafficking and illicit trade 

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TRACIT's Ulrika Bonnier joins the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Global Business Network on Forced Labour to discuss how child and forced labour are linked to crimes and criminal networks, as well as possible solutions. The podcast is part of ILO’s series that looks at how forced labour is linked to child labour, environmental degradation and illicit trade, and how these issues can be tackled successfully together. More...

Listen on:   SoundCloud   I   Spotify    I    Apple Podcasts
FEATURED EVENTS
Investigating the societal costs of IP infringement, Panel Discussion, INTERPOL IP Crime Conference
Willemstad, Curaçao, 24 September 2024 

​Roundtable Discussion on Money Talks: The Crooked Connection Between Corruption and Illicit Trade
TRACIT webinar, 22 February 2024

Investigating the societal costs of IP infringement, Panel Discussion, World Intellectual Property Organization Advisory Committee on Enforcement (ACE) Sixteen Session. Media Release / Report
Geneva, 2 February 2024

EUIPO Meeting of the EU Observatory Expert Group on International Cooperation
EUIPO-virtual meeting, 28 November 2023

2nd Illicit Trade Forum
UNCTAD / TRACIT co-hosted event
Geneva, 6-7 September 2022


Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Kyoto, 7-12 March 2021​

Illicit Trade Forum
UNCTAD / TRACIT co-hosted event
Geneva, 3-4 February 2020


Dialogue on Illicit Trade and the SDGs
UNCTAD / TRACIT Co-hosted event
​Geneva,  July 18,  2019
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    • The Societal Costs of Illicit Trade >
      • Corruption and Illicit Trade >
        • Launch event | Money Talks: The Crooked Connection Between Corruption and Illicit Trade
      • The Human Cost of Illicit Trade
      • Link Between Illicit Trade and Sovereign Credit Ratings
      • Illicit Trade and the UNSDGs
    • Illicit Trade Index
    • Fraudulent Advertising Online
    • Illicit Trade Summit Americas
    • Small Parcels
    • Tackling the sale of illicit pesticides on e-commerce platforms
    • Ethanol Control Toolkit
    • Supply Chain Vulnerabilities to Illicit Trade
  • Sectors
    • Agri-food industry
    • Alcohol
    • Counterfeiting & Piracy
    • Cultural Property
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    • Forced labor
    • Forestry
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